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• Title: An Image of a Higher World: Ethical Renewal in Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl/Aukstesniojo Pasaulio Vaizdinys: Etinis Atsinaujinimas Pagal Franca Brentano Ir Edmunda Husserli (Report)
• Author : Coactivity
• Release Date : January 01, 2009
• Genre: Religion & Spirituality,Books,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 102 KB

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In 1919, two years after Franz Brentano's death, his student Edmund Husserl published a memorial in a volume compiled by fellow protege Oskar Kraus. One of his most moving public testimonies, the "Recollections of Franz Brentano" went far beyond typical student praise for the charismatic lectures of a beloved teacher or fond memories of youthful visits to the master's summer retreat on the Wolfgangsee. Some passages in the encomium broach the reverential, eulogizing the Austrian doyen as a revelation in Husserl's life, "a messenger from a higher world" [ein Kunder einer uberhimmlischen Welt], whose auratic sway outlasted student-teacher disagreements and survived the pedagogue's infirmity and death. (Husserl 1987a: 305) (1) Brentano's effect, observed Husserl, stemmed not only from the domain of ideas, but also from his force of personality and the philosophical rigor he embodied. His example is of more than passing interest for an understanding of Husserl's ethical theory, for the controversial Aristotelian served his young disciple as the avatar of a moral ideal: an individual life committed to unstinting rational inquiry. Indeed, it is difficult to read Husserl's reflections on ethical and philosophical responsibility without glimpsing the luminary icon of his mentor. Although interpreters have long recognized Brentano's powerful impact on students, the career-long persistence of his hold on Husserl is still underestimated (2). Conventional narratives of Husserl's development describe his professor's pervasive early impact followed by a sharp break from the master's philosophy (3). These accounts acknowledge the foundational role of Brentano's intentionality thesis in determining Husserl's "simultaneous concern for both the objective and the subjective, for our lived experience and that to which this experience is directed." (Patocka 1996: 41) (4). This genealogy privileges Husserl's development of logic, especially the years surrounding the famous attack on Brentano's psychologism in the Logical Investigations. Even after this critique, however, Husserl continued to ally his work with the goal of providing an experiential basis for philosophy and a philosophical basis for science; thus he still saw Brentano as the harbinger of his own phenomenological pursuit. He viewed his prewar phenomenology as correcting and elaborating Brentano's philosophical program, not jettisoning it. However, even for those who accept that Husserl's anti-psychologism marked only a partial break from his teacher, the turn to transcendental egology seemed to complete the task; commentators find precious little Brentano in Husserl's postwar itinerary. In this essay, I will challenge this narrative by arguing that Husserl's shift toward transcendental phenomenology within the domain of ethics marked a reappraisal--even a reinvigoration--of Brentanian premises, rather than an attempt to discard them.

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